tl;dr: In multi-objective optimization, the Pareto front is the set of solutions where no objective can be improved without worsening another—useful for narrowing design tradeoffs. In economics, Pareto-optimal allocations require the marginal rate of substitution to be equal across all consumers. Since computing the full front is often intractable, algorithms like weighted sums, ε-constraints, skyline queries, and multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (e.g., NSGA-II, MOEA/D) are used, often producing ε-approximations.