tl;dr: Beyond actually solving problems, people typically respond in three other ways: pushing problems around (local optimization that shifts pain elsewhere), preserving problems (per the Shirky Principle, institutions perpetuate the issues they exist to solve), and promoting new problems (once the top issue is resolved, the next one takes its place). The author advises identifying who benefits from a problem's existence, accepting that problem-solving is never "finished," and using shared diagrams to help teams agree on which problems are actually worth fixing.