tl;dr: A study of 19,450 European company websites found that US-headquartered vendors serve the majority of primary sites in the UK (67.5%) and Netherlands (53.6%), and a plurality in Italy, Spain, and France, while Germany and Poland resist the trend due to strong domestic hosting industries. Cloudflare is the single largest internet-facing vendor in all seven markets studied. The analysis attributes vendors via AS operator lookups on DNS records, measuring who fronts the site rather than physical hosting location or origin infrastructure.